Understanding the distinction between Alzheimer’s disease and dementia is crucial for both caregivers and those affected. Dr. Kelynn Lee, CEO of the Dementia Care Hub, recently addressed this topic in a concise video, clarifying the differences between these two often-confused conditions.
In her video shared in 2024, Dr. Lee stated, “One question that keeps coming up is, ‘What’s the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia?'” She emphasized that while the terms are frequently misused interchangeably, they represent fundamentally different concepts. Dr. Lee explained that dementia is an umbrella term that includes various syndromes, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of them.
Dementia Defined: A Broad Spectrum
Dementia encompasses multiple conditions that affect cognitive function, including but not limited to Alzheimer’s. Dr. Lee elaborated, “So, dementia is the umbrella term, whereby there are lots of dementia syndromes that sit underneath.” She listed several types, such as vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, highlighting that these conditions all fall under the broader category of dementia.
According to data from the NHS, more than 944,000 individuals in the UK live with dementia, representing approximately one in eleven people over the age of 65. Among these, Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent, accounting for about 60 to 70% of all dementia cases, as reported by the World Health Organization.
Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
While the precise cause of Alzheimer’s remains unknown, certain risk factors have been identified. These include a family history of the disease, untreated depression, lifestyle factors linked to cardiovascular health, and increasing age. It is important to note that dementia is not a normal part of aging.
Alzheimer’s is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. Initial symptoms often manifest as mild memory lapses, such as forgetting names or recent conversations. As the disease progresses, additional symptoms may include difficulties with communication, confusion in familiar surroundings, low moods, and behavioral changes. The NHS notes that individuals may also experience hallucinations and increased aggression.
Although there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, treatments are available to alleviate some symptoms. These include medications and various support services aimed at helping individuals maintain their independence. Adjustments to home environments can also facilitate easier navigation and task management. Cognitive stimulation therapy is another option, designed to enhance memory and problem-solving skills.
Dr. Lee’s insights offer clarity in a landscape often muddied by misconceptions. Anyone experiencing symptoms consistent with Alzheimer’s disease is encouraged to consult their general practitioner for further evaluation and guidance. For additional information, resources are also available on the NHS website.
