Research at Stanford University’s Prakash Lab has revealed remarkable insights into the folding mechanisms of the placozoa, a simple marine animal found in the Red Sea. This groundbreaking study uncovers how these organisms can fold themselves into complex shapes, akin to origami, presenting a new understanding of tissue development and cellular mechanics.
The research, led by bioengineer Manu Prakash and graduate student Charlotte Brannon, was published on December 21, 2025, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The findings highlight a previously unobserved type of tissue folding that offers insights into the evolution of shape and form in early animals, potentially dating back hundreds of millions of years.
The placozoa, characterized by its flat form and lack of a brain or nervous system, employs a unique method of shapeshifting. The researchers discovered that the animal’s cilia—hairlike structures present on many cells—play a crucial role in this process. These cilia move along surfaces, effectively molding the tissue into various shapes. This innovative mechanism suggests that the principles of origami could have influenced the evolution of complex forms in early animal life.
Understanding the mechanisms behind tissue folding is not only significant for evolutionary biology but also sheds light on critical processes in living organisms. The importance of this research is evident in areas such as embryonic development, where tissue formation and folding are essential for proper organ development.
The new findings from Stanford’s Prakash Lab may lead to broader implications for the field of developmental biology. As the research progresses, it may provide insights into how similar mechanisms could be applied in medical science, particularly in understanding tissue repair and regeneration.
This study is a significant step forward in exploring the origins of animal form and function, offering a fresh perspective on how simple biological structures can lead to complex life forms. As researchers continue to delve into the intricacies of placozoan biology, the potential applications of these discoveries in various fields remain vast and promising.
