The recent Canadian election in April, which resulted in Mark Carney’s Liberal Party forming a minority government, reflected a significant shift in public sentiment towards the United States. Many viewed this electoral outcome as a rejection of former President Donald Trump’s antagonistic stance, particularly his tariff policies and his provocative remarks about Canada potentially becoming “the 51st state.” This political turnaround followed a period when the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Poilievre, was significantly ahead in the polls.
Despite the perceived electoral victory against American aggression, Carney’s subsequent actions have raised eyebrows. There have been instances where he softened his stance to ease tensions with the U.S., causing some Canadians to question whether their national interests are genuinely being prioritized. Amid ongoing boycotts of American products and a growing cultural resentment, it is evident that anti-Americanism remains a potent force in Canadian society.
This climate of discontent harkens back to a long history of anti-American sentiment in Canada, which has often been overlooked. Trump’s antagonistic comments did not originate this sentiment; rather, they reignited feelings that have lingered since the founding of both nations. Historical records indicate that even in the 18th century, influential American figures like George Washington plotted to annex Canada, efforts that were met with staunch resistance from British loyalists and early Canadian settlers.
During the 19th century, fear of invasion fueled Canadian anti-Americanism, particularly evident during the War of 1812. Americans clashed with British forces and their Canadian allies, leading to multiple invasions. The Canadian War Museum describes these invasions as encounters that ultimately ended with American withdrawals, fostering a narrative of resilience in Canadian history. Key figures like Isaac Brock and Tecumseh became national heroes for their roles in repelling American forces, reinforcing a cultural identity rooted in resistance.
The shadow of the United States has consistently loomed over Canada, influencing cultural and economic dynamics. Canadians often grapple with feelings of inferiority and superiority, navigating their identity in relation to their powerful neighbor. This has historically manifested in trade relations, where Canadians have shown reluctance to fully embrace American economic integration due to fears of losing their cultural identity.
Throughout the 20th century, Canada’s relationship with the U.S. has been marked by moments of tension, particularly during periods of war. While Canada aligned with the U.S. during and after World War II, discontent resurfaced during the Vietnam War and the Iraq invasion, leading to widespread protests. Anti-American sentiment erupted as Canadians expressed outrage over American foreign policy while attempting to maintain their own peacekeeping image.
Historian Richard Gwyn has articulated this complex relationship, noting that Canadian identity is often defined in opposition to American norms. The sentiment of being “Not-American” has shaped Canada’s self-perception since its confederation in 1867, a time when economic vulnerability drove the desire for a distinct national identity.
The fear of annexation has remained a pervasive theme in Canadian discourse. Historical references to American expansionism have resonated through the decades, with prominent figures like Thomas D’Arcy McGee emphasizing the threat posed by the U.S. during confederation debates. Even in contemporary discussions, the mention of American intentions can evoke anxiety among Canadians, highlighting the deep-rooted nature of this sentiment.
In recent years, academic discussions have examined the nuances of Canadian anti-Americanism. Notably, Kim Richard Nossal has suggested that Canada’s existence is rooted in a conscious act of anti-Americanism. He notes that the sentiments are often “bland” and “low grade,” surfacing more vigorously during high-stakes political moments. Political parties in Canada have historically had to navigate these waters carefully, as distancing too much from the U.S. or aligning too closely can have electoral repercussions.
The current political landscape illustrates the ongoing struggle with anti-Americanism in Canada. As Carney’s government seeks to balance national interests with its relationship with the U.S., the complexities of Canadian identity remain at the forefront. Many Canadians still resonate with the notion that their country is not for sale, encapsulated in the slogan of the leading magazine Maclean’s: “Canada isn’t for sale.”
This enduring sentiment reflects a broader cultural paradox, where Canadians are simultaneously drawn to and repelled by American influence. As Pierre Trudeau famously remarked, living next to the U.S. is akin to “sleeping with an elephant,” where every shift impacts Canada. The ongoing discourse around anti-Americanism serves as a reminder of the intricate ties that bind the two nations, underscoring that Canadian identity will continue to evolve against the backdrop of its powerful neighbor.
